Why do we measure speed as a Mach number?
Why do we measure speed as a Mach number?
Mach number describes the speed of sound, which changes with the density of the medium it is travelling through.
When you reach the speed of sound, the compressibility effect creates a supersonic flow along the wing if you exceed a certain mach number.
This causes airflow separation and flutter.
It is therefore much safer and much easier to use a Mach number to express a limit at which compressibility effects start to tear the aircraft apart, as it is a constant value at all altitudes.
Describe the lift-weight pitching moments.
Describe the lift-weight pitching moments.
The weight of an aircraft is applied at the CG. The lift at the CP. The relative position between these 2 points determines the stability of the aircraft. For an Aircraft with a tail surface, a CG in front of the CP constitutes a stable system, while a CG behind the CP an unstable system.
Describe the take off segments.
Describe the take off segments.
1st segment starts at screen height and finishes at gear retracted.
2nd segment starts when the gear is retracted and finishes when acceleration alt is reached (min. 400ft max 1000ft) speed V2.
3rd segment starts at acceleration alt, minimum 400ft, and finishes when the flaps are retracted.
4th segment starts when the flaps are retracted, MCT is set and finishes at the 1500ft.
If you climb to FL300 at a constant IAS of 250kts, what would happen to the TAS?
If you climb to FL300 at a constant IAS of 250kts, what would happen to the TAS?
TAS will increase.
What is Point of No Return (PNR)?
What is Point of No Return (PNR)?
The point during a flight at which an aircraft is no longer capable of returning to the airfield from which it took off due to fuel considerations.
Beyond this point the aircraft must proceed to some other destination.
What is drag?
What is drag?
Drag is the component of the total aerodynamic force parallel to the relative airflow.
Drag is generated by any body placed in a flow and it's composed of friction, form, and pressure drag.
What is an NDB?
What is an NDB?
Non Directional Beacon, a medium range radio navigation aid that sends out a signal in all directions for an aircraft to home to.
How does an altimeter work and which errors can an altimeter experience?
How does an altimeter work and which errors can an altimeter experience?
When an aircraft climbs, the static pressure in the instrument case decreases, which allows the enclosed capsule to expand.
This in turn moves the needle on the instrument to indicate a corresponding altitude.
During descent, the opposite function applies.
Altimeter errors can originate and vary from:
Instrument Pressure Time-lag Barometric Density Temperature Blocked static port
If you where picking up 10.000 litres of fuel in Newfoundland (cold weather), and 10.000 litres of fuel in Lima, Peru (hot weather), where would you have picked up the most fuel?
If you where picking up 10.000 litres of fuel in Newfoundland (cold weather), and 10.000 litres of fuel in Lima, Peru (hot weather), where would you have picked up the most fuel?
In Newfoundland. With cold weather density increases, therefore you would pick up a higher mass in Newfoundland.
What does a bypass ratio of 11:1 mean?
What does a bypass ratio of 11:1 mean?
For every 1kg of air passing through the combustion chamber, 11kg of air pass bypass the combustion chamber.